<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Contents</strong></span></span></p>

<p><em><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Causes</span></span></em></p>

<p><em><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Symptoms</span></span></em></p>

<p><em><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Exams and Tests</span></span></em></p>

<p><em><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Treatment</span></span></em></p>

<p><em><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Outlook (Prognosis)</span></span></em></p>

<p><em><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Possible Complications</span></span></em></p>

<p><em><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">When to Contact a Medical Professional</span></span></em></p>

<p><em><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Prevention</span></span></em></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Rubella, also known as the German measles, is an infection in which there is a rash on the skin.</span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Congenital rubella&nbsp;is when a pregnant woman with rubella passes it to the baby that is still in her womb.</span></span></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a id="Causes" name="Causes">Causes</a></span></span></h2>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Rubella is caused by a virus that is spread through the air or by close contact.</span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">A person with rubella may spread the disease to others from 1 week before the rash begins, until 1 - 2 weeks after the rash disappears.</span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Because the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is given to most children, rubella is much less common now. Almost everyone who receives the vaccine has immunity to rubella. Immunity means that your body has built a defense to the rubella virus.</span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In some adults, the vaccine may wear off and not fully protect them. Women who may become pregnant and other adults may receive a booster shot.</span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Children and adults who were never vaccinated against rubella may still get this infection.</span></span></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a id="Symptoms" name="Symptoms">Symptoms</a></span></span></h2>

<p><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Children generally have few symptoms. Adults may experience a fever, headache, general discomfort (</span>malaise<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">), and a runny nose before the rash appears. They may not notice the symptoms.</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Other symptoms may include:</span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Bruising (rare)</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Inflammation of the eyes (bloodshot eyes)</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Muscle or joint pain</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<h2><em style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><img alt="" src="https://www.zdrav.kz/images/refs3/krasnuha.jpg" /></em></h2>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><em>Rubella is often called three-day measles. Because of the very effective vaccine, rubella is seldom seen today. The rubella vaccine is given in combination with measles (rubeola) and mumps.</em></span></span></p>

<h2><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a id="Exams and Tests" name="Exams and Tests">Exams and Tests</a></span></span></h2>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">A nasal or throat swab may be sent for culture.</span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">A blood test can be done to see if a person is protected against rubella. All women who may become pregnant should have this test. If the test is negative, they will receive the vaccine.</span></span></p>

<h2><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a id="Treatment" name="Treatment">Treatment</a></span></span></h2>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">There is no treatment for this disease.</span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Patients can take acetaminophen to reduce fever.</span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Defects that occur with congenital rubella syndrome can be treated.</span></span></p>

<h2><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a id="Outlook (Prognosis)" name="Outlook (Prognosis)">Outlook (Prognosis)</a></span></span></h2>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Rubella is usually a mild infection.</span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">After an infection, people have immunity to the disease for the rest of their lives.</span></span></p>

<h2><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a id="Possible Complications" name="Possible Complications">Possible Complications</a></span></span></h2>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Complications can occur in the unborn baby if the mother becomes infected during pregnancy. A&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001488.htm">miscarriage</a>&nbsp;or<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002304.htm">stillbirth</a>&nbsp;may occur. The child may be born with birth defects.</span></span></p>

<h2><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a id="When to Contact a Medical Professional" name="When to Contact a Medical Professional">When to Contact a Medical Professional</a></span></span></h2>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Call for an appointment with your health care provider if:</span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">You are a woman of childbearing age and are unsure of whether you have been vaccinated against rubella</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">You or your child develop a severe headache, stiff neck, earache, or vision problems during or after a case of rubella</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">You or your child need to receive MMR immunization (vaccine)</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<h2><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a id="Prevention" name="Prevention">Prevention</a></span></span></h2>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">There is a safe and effective vaccine to prevent rubella. The rubella vaccine is recommended for all children. It is routinely given when children are 12 - 15 months old, but is sometimes given earlier during epidemics. A second vaccination (booster) is routinely given to children ages 4 - 6. MMR is a combination vaccine that protects against&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001569.htm">measles</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001557.htm">mumps</a>, and rubella.</span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Women of childbearing age usually have a blood test to see if they have immunity to rubella. If they are not immune, women should avoid getting pregnant for 28 days after receiving the vaccine.</span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Those who should not get vaccinated include:</span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Women who are pregnant</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Anyone whose immune system is affected by cancer, corticosteroid medications, or radiation treatment.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Great care is taken not to give the vaccine to a woman who is already pregnant. However, in the rare instances when pregnant women have been vaccinated, no problems have been detected in the infants.</span></span></p>
